About the Author

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Christine E. Niekrash, DMD, MDentSc is an Associate Professor Emerita in the Department of Medical Science at the Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University. She is a graduate of Brown University (ScB) and the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine (DMD). Dr. Niekrash completed a residency in periodontology and a certificate program in Gerontology (Medical College of Virginia). She joined the Department of Periodontology at the Medical College of Virginia-Virginia Commonwealth University and then the Department of Periodontology at the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine where she taught histology and anatomy to medical and dental students, served as Director of Head and Neck Anatomy and Associate Dean for Student Affairs. She currently teaches anatomy and histology at the new Netter School of Medicine and has served as the inaugural director of Head and Neck Anatomy. She has also conducted research, published numerous articles, and has lectured nationally and internationally. Elie M. Ferneini, MD, DMD, MHS, MBA, FACS, is a practicing oral and maxillofacial surgeon in Cheshire, Connecticut, USA and an associate clinical professor at the University of Connecticut. Dr. Ferneini is a graduate of Southern Connecticut State University (BS, magna cum laude), Quinnipiac University (MHS, MBA), and University of Connecticut Medical and Dental Schools (DMD, MD). He completed his oral and maxillofacial surgery residency at the University of Connecticut and then undertook 2 years of general surgery training at the same institution. Dr. Ferneini has a long history of conducting research, resulting in over 135 scientific publications. He has lectured nationally and internationally. His professional interests span hospital-based and office-based maxillofacial surgical procedures, including reconstructive facial surgery, maxillofacial pathology, and cosmetic facial surgery. Dr. Ferneini is a Diplomate of the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. He is on the editorial boards of several leading journals and is currently the editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery. He is co-editor of the Springer books Perioperative Assessment of the Maxillofacial Surgery Patient: Problem-Based Patient Management, Complications in Maxillofacial Cosmetic Surgery, and Evidence-Based Oral Surgery. Michael T. Goupil, DDS, MEd, MBA, FACD, is an emeritus faculty in the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial at the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine. He is a graduate of the University of Michigan School of Dental Medicine (DDS), University of Southern Mississippi (MEd), and the University of Hartford (MBA). Dr. Goupil completed an oral and maxillofacial surgery residency in the Air Force at Wilford Hall Medical Center and a Fellowship in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in Washington, DC. He retired in 1992 from the Air Force as a colonel after a 23-year career during which he served as an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery consultant to the Air Force Surgeon. Dr. Goupil then joined the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery faculty at the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, where he concurrently served as Associate Dean for Students. He recently retired from the university as an Emeritus Associate Professor and still maintains several other academic appointments. Dr. Goupil practiced full-scope oral and maxillofacial surgery for over 40 years. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and is the author of numerous publications. He is co-editor of the Springer book Evidence-Based Oral Surgery.